Scrolls found later on in the 12th century would depict images of religion such as the Gaki Zoshi (Hungry Ghost Scrolls) and the Jigoku zoshi (Hell Scrolls). Such scrolls would go on to be known as the Chōjū giga or “The Animal Scrolls”. The 'manga' style has an extensive history, beginning sometime in the 10th century scrolls from that period depict animals as part of the 'upper class', behaving as a typical human would in similar situations. Manga are typically 'comic books' as the West understands them rather, they represent pieces of Japanese culture and history. The word Manga, when translated directly, means “whimsical drawings”. The graphic novels are usually presented in "manga-style," meaning a right-to-left format. All formats are available in English translation, graphic novels, however, are the most common and can be found in both major bookstore chains and local comic shops. Manga is read either in serialized comic books, monthly magazines, or graphic novels. Manga is a generic term for all graphic novels and comic books originally published in Japan. 1The popularity of anime and manga has helped westerners gain a broader understanding of Japanese culture.
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